Humminbird Marine GPS System Di Combo User Manual

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SONAR (SOund and NAvigation Ranging) Sonar technology uses precision sound
bursts transmitted underwater to determine the distance and other attributes of objects in
the water. Distance can be determined because the speed of sound in water is constant,
and the time for the signal to return is measured. Sound also travels very quickly
underwater, making sonar a responsive, cost-effective tool. Sonar is the basic technology
behind all recreational and commercial fishfinding and depthfinding devices.
Sonar Update Rate The number of times per second that the transducer’s
transmitter/receiversendsandreceivessonarsignals. Averyfastsonarupdateratecollects
more information and provides a more detailed image of the bottom, fish, and structure.
Many Humminbird® units operate at up to 40 times per second when in single frequency
operation. Due to the limitation of the speed of sound in water, the update rate begins to
slow as depth increases to deeper than 50 feet. In very shallow water (less than 10 feet),
however, update rates as much as 60 times per second can be achieved.
Speed Therate at whichthe boat moves through the water.Boat speedcan be measured
asSpeedOverGroundorSpeedThroughWater.SpeedOverGroundisprovidedbyGPS,and
isthe measurement of the boats progress acrossa givendistance. Speed Through Wateris
providedby aspeedpaddlewheel,andisthe measurement oftheflowpasttheboat,which
may vary depending on current speed and direction. Speed Through Water is most critical
for anglers using downriggers, as it impacts the running depth of the down riggers. Speed
Over Ground is optimal for navigation, as accurate destination times can be derived from
this measurement. Humminbird® products allow for input and display of both sources.
Structure A general term for objects on the bottom that present a discontinuity and are
a likely attractor for fish. This includes bottom contour features (drop-offs, humps, and
holes), standing structure (stumps, timbers, brush piles), and a wide range of other
potential objects (sunken boats, reefs).
Surface Clutter A phenomenonwheresonar returnsare reflectedoffoftiny objectsnear
the surface of the water, including algae and even air bubbles. Typically, saltwater
environments have significantly greater surface clutter than freshwater due to continuous
wind and wave action that causes aeration at the surface.
Target Separation The measurement of minimum distance that a fishfinder needs to be
able to recognize two very close objects as two distinct targets (i.e. two fish hanging very
close, or a fish hanging very close to structure). Humminbird® fishfinders provide a very
good 2 1/2 inches of target separation in shallower than 100 feet of depth. Target
separation decreases as depth increases due to the needforlonger Pulse Width to achieve
greater depth. See
Pulse Width.
Glossary -Sonar Terms

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